Psychosocial Well-Being of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Chitwan District, Nepal: a Mixed Method Study

Dipendra Khatiwada; Rojina Baral; Shakti  Shrestha; Ramesh Sharma Poudel; Hari Prasad Chalise

doi:10.33314/jnhrc.v20i01.3993

Dipendra Khatiwada Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-670X
Rojina Baral Department of Nursing, College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital
Shakti Shrestha Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College
Ramesh Sharma Poudel Hospital Pharmacy, Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal
Hari Prasad Chalise Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v20i01.3993

Abstract

Background: Along with many physical issues associated with the HIV/AIDS there are socio-psychological ill-effects including depression, anxiety and stress. The antiretroviral therapy has been successful in prolonging the life but not much information is available on the psychosocial issues and social support from Nepal.
Methods: Sequential explanatory mixed method study design was followed. All the patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Bharatpur Hospital above 18 years of age and giving consent to participate were conveniently selected. Validated Nepalese version of Becks Depression Inventory and Becks Anxiety Inventory tool while translated and validated Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scale was used Purposive In-depth Interview was conducted with open ended questionnaire to obtain qualitative data. Chi-square and logistic regression were used for quantitative analysis while manual content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.
Results: The totals of 288 participants were included in the study About 43% had some level of depression, 98% had very low level of anxiety and almost half of the people had high support. In binary logistic regression model, the significant variables were sex, marital status and occupation. Females had 2.622 times more odds of depression than males, the risk of having depression in occupation group- agriculture and household was 3.661 and 2.508 time more as compared to jobholder respectively. Similarly, single individuals had 2.815 higher odds of depression than couples. Emotional disturbances and fear of vulnerability, stigmatization, dealing with difficulties were the major problems in these groups with good familial and organization support.
Conclusions: Clinicians, health and AIDS professionals should routinely screen for depression among other interventions to promote psychological health in HIV/AIDS-positive individuals.
Keywords: Anxiety; depression; HIV/AIDS; perceived social support.