Patterns of Sharp Handling and Disposal among Insulin Using Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Proper knowledge and practice regarding insulin sharps disposal is crucial to prevent health and environmental risks. Improper handling can lead to needle-stick injuries and transmission of blood-borne infections. This study aimed to assess the patterns of insulin sharps handling, disposal practices, and related knowledge among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A single-center descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, from July 2023 to February 2024. Diabetic patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including demographic details(age , sex, education) and specific information on insulin therapy(duration, method ,type of insulin use) and disposal practices (how and where) along with their knowledge on disposal. Microsoft Excel was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Among the 105 patients, 56 (53.3%) were males and 49 (46.7%) females, with the largest proportion (35.2%) aged 40–60 years. A notable 25.7% were literate without formal education. Most patients (93.3%) used insulin pens, and 54.3% self-administered injections. Improper disposal of insulin sharps was reported by 92 (87.6%) patients, commonly through household dustbins. Only 13 (12.4%) practiced proper disposal via hospital waste systems. While 42 (40.0%) patients were aware of proper disposal methods, 54 (51.4%) understood the potential consequences of unsafe disposal.
Conclusions: Knowledge and proper practices related to insulin sharps disposal remain inadequate among diabetic patients. Raising awareness about safe disposal and the consequences of improper handling is essential.
Keywords: Diabetes; disposal; sharps.